OR11465447 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
“Development of highly sensitive molecular biological, biochemical tests for the detection of pathogens that affect the consumer qualities of the final product, based on the monitoring of pathogens in agricultural crops.”
Scientific supervisor – Professor B. Iskakov, Doctor of biological sciences.
The program is aimed at improving methods for plant diseases diagnosing and increasing the efficiency of obtaining domestic varieties of economically important plant species, addressing issues of food security and health of the country’s population, as well as improving competitiveness in the world market for commercial grain and genetic bioresources preserving.
The purpose of the program and the solution of the tasks set are aimed at increasing the efficiency of scientific research and science contribution to the economy diversification and sustainable development of the country.
The purpose of the program is – to develop highly sensitive molecular biological and biochemical tests for the detection of pathogens that affect the consumer qualities of the final product based on the monitoring of pathogens in agricultural crops (wheat, potatoes, apple trees).
As a result of the program, new knowledge will be obtained, new biomarkers and tests will be developed; recommendations will be developed to improve the consumer quality of products, improve methods for early diagnosis of important plants for damage by viruses, bacteria and fungi, improve the quality of seed material, increase import substitution and improve competitiveness in the world market, preserve genetic bioresources, and prevent the spread of dangerous phytopathogens.
Wheat and potatoes are the most important agricultural crops for Kazakhstan, therefore, the improvement of screening methods for phytopathogen-resistant varieties of these crops should increase the yield of agricultural products in our country and provide the most economically vulnerable segments of the population with essential products. It is known that fungal, bacterial and viral diseases of wheat and potatoes lead to significant, up to 30%, yield losses, and in the years of epiphytoties up to 70% and more. The introduction of new technologies into the breeding process makes it possible to obtain new lines of wheat and potatoes that are promising for breeding. The use of effective molecular biological and biochemical markers will allow timely detection of unhealthy seed material.
Currently, the production of local varieties of apples is becoming an important international brand for the Republic of Kazakhstan and is one of the serious directions for the economic and social development of the country. In this regard, the identification and prevention of the spread of dangerous strains of the causative agent of fire blight will avoid significant damage to the existing genetic diversity and preserve the gene pool of cultivated and wild apple trees in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Applied value of Science and Technology Program. As a result of the Program implementation, technologies, tests and recommendations will be developed to promote the introduction of new technologies into the breeding process, effective molecular biological and biochemical markers that help reduce financial costs when creating new lines of economically important plants, and preserve endemic bioresources.
The Fundamental tasks. Study of the mechanisms of regulation of protein biosynthesis in plants under biotic stress, assessment of the activity of enzymes for the synthesis of β-glucan with the quantitative content of polysaccharide in the grain of cereal crops; detection of protein inhibitors (PI) of Fusarium spp. in wheat grain and establishing the relationship between the quantitative content of BI and resistance to phytopathogen damage, establishing molecular and biological characteristics for individual potato viruses, the most common in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, genotyping Erwinia amylovora isolates and creating a database of identified isolates to develop recommendations for the non-proliferation of especially dangerous genotypes
Interim results for 7 months of 2021:
Primers were designed and synthesized for diagnostics, typing by RT-PCR, and cloning of individual gRNA fragments of potato viruses PVX, PVY, PVM, PVS, and PLRV into a plasmid vector. An analysis of the current situation on the spread of these viruses in the fields of the Almaty and Kostanay regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan was done;
Identification and application of antifungal protein inhibitors as biochemical markers of resistance of domestic wheat varieties to Fusarium was done;
The current situation on the spread of fire blight in the wild fruit forests of southeast Kazakhstan was studied, aimed at identifying the threat of infection of endemic species such as Malus sieversii, as well as neighboring species of Rosaceae (for example, Crataegus spp.), which can serve as a reservoir of infection and further threaten biodiversity of foothill ecosystems of the south-east of Kazakhstan.
Within the framework of the program, a new molecular mechanism of plant adaptation to biotic stresses is being investigated, namely, a change in the integrity of 18S rRNA, which is a scaffold for a small ribosomal subunit. A completely new type of stress biomarkers has been discovered, namely, discrete fragments of 18S rRNA.
Fifty domestic varieties of grain crops were tested for the presence of β-glucan synthesis genes and for the level of β-glucan content in their grain.
Program executors: Doctors of biological science – 3 people, Ph.D. – 9 people, Ph.D. candidates – 7 people, young scientists – 29 people.
|
No |
Full name |
ORCID |
Web of science Researcher ID |
Scopus |
|
1 |
Sharipov K. O. Doctor of biological sciences, professor, Director General |
0000-0001-5946-5521 |
ABA-4427-2021 |
5719575321 |
|
2 |
Iskakov B. K. Doctor of biological sciences, Head of the Laboratory |
0000-0002-5204-4377 |
H-5988-2015 |
6602606343 |
|
3 |
Ismagulova G. A. Ph.D., Head of the Laboratory |
|
AAO-3437-2020 |
6506396019 |
|
4 |
Khakimzhanov A. A. Ph.D., Head of the Laboratory |
|
U-8594-2018 |
— |
|
5 |
Karpova O. V. Ph.D., Leading researcher |
0000-0001-9643-2913 |
N-7772-2015 |
|
|
6 |
Zhigailov A. V. Ph.D., Leading researcher |
0000-0002-9646-033X |
N-6073-2015 |
6508121286 |
|
7 |
Kryldakov R. V. Ph.D., Senior researcher |
0000-0002-2299-3109 |
M-6797-2015 |
6506223986 |